Ages 7–9
Naming types of energy
Name and use vocabulary for types of energy and energy transfer — kinetic energy, potential energy, heat energy, light energy, sound energy, electrical energy, chemical energy, stored energy, energy transfer, energy transformation — and de…
9 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 8–9
Building a simple circuit
Construct a simple series electrical circuit, identifying and naming its basic parts: cells, wires, bulbs, switches, and buzzers
6 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 9–11
Circuit vocabulary
Use technical vocabulary for electrical circuits — circuit, component, cell, battery, current, voltage, resistance, conductor, insulator, switch, series circuit, parallel circuit — and apply these when describing, drawing, and designing wo…
9 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 9–10
Reading and drawing circuit diagrams
Draw and read simple circuit diagrams using standard symbols for cells, bulbs, switches, buzzers, and wires; identify whether a circuit is complete or broken from a diagram; match circuit diagrams to physical circuits
5 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 10–11
Drawing circuits with proper symbols
Use recognised symbols when representing a simple circuit in a diagram, including cell, wire, bulb, switch, buzzer, and motor
6 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 10–11
Why circuit components behave differently
Compare and give reasons for variations in how circuit components function, including brightness of bulbs, loudness of buzzers, and switch positions
10 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 11–12
Current, voltage, and what they measure
Understand that electric current is the rate of flow of charge (measured in amperes using an ammeter), and that potential difference (voltage) is the energy transferred per unit charge (measured in volts using a voltmeter)
9 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 11–12
Energy can't be created or destroyed
Explain the principle of conservation of energy (energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred between stores), and describe how energy is dissipated as thermal energy to the surroundings in all real processes
14 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 11–12
Energy stores and transfers
Identify the main energy stores (kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, thermal, chemical, nuclear, electromagnetic) and the pathways by which energy is transferred between stores (mechanically, electrically, by heating, by r…
37 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 11–12
Static electricity and sparks
Explain static electricity as the build-up of electric charge through friction, describe how charged objects attract or repel each other, and relate static discharge to everyday phenomena such as lightning
9 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 12–13
Efficiency, Sankey diagrams, and work done
Calculate energy efficiency as the ratio of useful output energy to total input energy, construct and interpret Sankey diagrams, and calculate work done using work = force × distance
6 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 12–13
Heating experiments and Q = mcΔT
Plan and carry out experiments to measure energy transferred during heating, including using the equation Q = mcΔT, recording temperature changes over time, and evaluating sources of error
16 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 12–13
Ohm's Law: voltage, current, resistance
Apply Ohm's Law (V = IR) to calculate current, voltage, or resistance in a simple circuit, and explain that resistance opposes the flow of current
70 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 12–13
Power: watts and energy per second
Define power as the rate of energy transfer (power = energy ÷ time, measured in watts), and compare energy transfer rates in different everyday contexts
10 verified questions on this shelf
Ages 12–13
Series vs parallel circuits
Describe and apply the rules for current, voltage, and resistance in series and parallel circuits, and explain the practical uses of each circuit type
18 verified questions on this shelf